Australia and Oceania is a region in the Pacific Ocean, south of Indonesia, the Philippines, China and Japan. It is a very diverse region in most respects — culture, economy, industry, etc. This variety of economic environments allows for a broad spectrum of possibilities for company formation, from powerful economies like Australia to smaller islands with special tax optimisation plans, such as Vanuatu.

The logistics performance index of Montenegro is 2.88. It indicates satisfactory performance - in general, traffic is handled well, some shortcomings in certain areas are possible, but overall the logistics system is reliable and ready to handle predictable traffic volumes.

Inch performance is rated at 2.83. This indicates satisfactory performance - the customs clearance procedure is generally effective, although a long time can occasionally be a problem; the customs system certainly does not discourage international business activities; required documents and fees are generally publicly available.

Infrastructure quality in Montenegro is rated at 2.84. It indicates satisfactory quality - roads, railways, ports and other facilities are capable of handling significant traffic at all times, and are also suitable for various types of transport vehicles and ships.

The international shipping quality is 3.15. It indicates satisfactory performance - the services are reasonable and the prices are not too high and usually correspond exactly to the quality, although there is still room for improvement.

The competence of logistics service providers is rated at 2.45. The providers are of mediocre competence - they can ensure a certain quality of their services, sometimes even outstanding, although their overall performance can still be deficient in many aspects.

Tracking options for shipments are rated at 2.76. It indicates satisfactory performance - the tracking systems provide all the basic information, as well as additional data about shipments; Mostly it also has a well-established cooperation with foreign and international tracking systems and usually offers information in several languages.

Tracking options are rated at 3.19. This indicates satisfactory performance - most shipments arrive on time and within scheduled time frames; late arrivals are still possible, albeit uncommon.

In Montenegro, 100% of the population has access to electricity. Montenegro has 5 airports nationwide. There are 10,088 internet hosts in Montenegro. The number of road motor vehicles per 1000 inhabitants in Montenegro is 26.

Road network
The total road length in Montenegro is 7,763 km (4,825 miles). Of these, 0 km (0 miles) of roads are classified as freeways, dual carriageways, or freeways.

Gas price
On average, one liter of petrol costs USD 1.6 in Montenegro. A liter of diesel would cost $1.06.

An online trading company is a trading company that primarily operates through the internet and its e-commerce tools. Like any normal trading company, online trading companies specialize in buying goods from manufacturers and reselling them to consumers or other retailers. However, the online nature of this business makes it different and has specific advantages and limitations. Selling goods online offers tremendous opportunities and benefits that allow you to trade worldwide and save on organizational and administrative costs such as wages, office rents and others.
The main difference is that a 100% online trading company (with no physical stores, just head office and warehouse) needs virtual instead of physical infrastructure. An offline trading company needs offices, stores, storage rooms and a logistics network that connects suppliers, offices and points of sale; An online trading company needs offices, storage rooms, powerful servers and websites as well as a flexible logistics system to serve customers in many locations.
As you can see, online retailers require less physical infrastructure, but they also need to be much more flexible to serve their customers. In addition, a website is a useful addition to a regular trading company, but an indispensable tool for an online trading company, without which the company cannot function - hence the high demands on the capabilities of the website and the host server.

Functions of an online trading company
The main function of an online trading company is to buy goods from a manufacturer and resell them to dealers and consumers. A secondary but essential task is the delivery of the goods to the customers, since online trading companies usually do not lack any physical infrastructure such as shops, outlets and other sales points.
In order to buy and sell goods, an online trading company needs to set up a hub for the transfer of products from manufacturers to customers. In this case, that hub is a website. Just as a physical shop requires designers and marketing specialists to optimally arrange and present products, a digital shop also needs specialists who guide the customer through the possible purchase options.
When delivering goods, an online trading company can either set up the delivery network itself or outsource this task by concluding a contract with a logistics company. The online trading company then hands over its goods to the logistics company, which takes care of the delivery of the goods via its own network.

Important aspects of online trading
Although the goods or services sold by online trading companies may vary, there are some similarities due to the specific way in which these companies market and sell their end products. Here are some of the main problems you will encounter regardless of what you are selling online.

Distance selling
EU distance selling is a special category of online trading. E-commerce has made tremendous strides in Europe and the online market is growing every year. However, every retailer needs to understand the VAT implications of e-commerce in the EU. Completely different VAT regulations apply to online sellers. For example, there are different thresholds for VAT registration (e.g. £ 70,000 for UK, € 35,000 for Poland or Italy, € 100,000 for Germany). There is no minimum threshold for digital, electronic and broadcast service providers to charge VAT at the rate established by the country in which the consumer is resident.
Online stores and websites

Of course, having a website is an absolute must for any online business. Conceived as an online shop (description of the available product range, prices and features), the website must also contain the following important sections:

Delivery and return policy
Contact page with phone number, address, email address, and other contact information that consumers can use
Online payment options
Online payment solutions
One way to accept online payments is by far the most important consideration for an online business. Your consumer must have a way to instantly and securely pay for your products and services. There are two basic ways to accept payments in your online store:
By using an online payment system, for example PayPal
By using a merchant account to accept direct credit card payments
A merchant account is a special bank account that is opened for online business purposes to enable secure transactions between merchant and customer. Merchant accounts are set up by agreement between the bank and the merchant and allow you to accept payments in many ways, usually by credit or debit card. Banks aren't actually the only institutions that can set up merchant accounts; this can also be done through other financial services companies that process credit card payments.

Registration of an online trading company

Since an online trading company does not differ from a regular trading company in the legal sense, the registration process is almost identical.

First you need to register a company. Since a trading company is primarily characterized by the type of its activity and not by its legal form, the first step here, as with any trade, is the registration of a company. This includes all the necessary start-up procedures such as tax registration, registration for social security, etc. In the EU, all goods imported from other EU member states are classified as goods of free circulation and are not subject to any customs procedures or extensive documentation requirements. In other countries it can be more difficult, e.g. a trading company in India has to register with the competent authorities for an importer-exporter code.
In addition, a trading company must acquire the relevant trade licenses if the relevant jurisdiction has restricted the sale of the goods it intends to sell. For example, most countries have certain restrictions on the sale of alcohol and tobacco products. It is especially important to look for restrictions on foreign owned companies as they may require separate licenses to trade in a particular jurisdiction or their activities may be restricted in other ways.

The business license is a specific document that enables the conduct of business and operation in a specific business area. Generally, the license is issued by the government, agency, or government agency. The requirement to obtain a license prior to starting a particular business is usually stipulated by law.

Doing business without a license when the law requires it to be purchased is illegal and the government inspector may impose a fine requiring the cessation of activities unless the required license is issued. Licenses usually relate to specifically regulated business areas such as banks, alcohol and cigarette trading, oil business, provision of taxi services, security services, etc. When applying for a license, several requirements must usually be met so that the business is guaranteed carried out with high professionalism and will meet the specific requirements. The overall object of licensing is the protection of public interests such as health and safety as well as the control of strategic or relevant industries.

License and Permission
Many types of businesses require certification or approval in addition to regular licenses. In contrast to the license, the permits relate to the authorization to carry out an activity that is related to and directly related to the activity of the company. For example, a fire safety permit if your company uses flammable materials or if your premises are open to the public, such as restaurants, shops and other public buildings. Permission to use the parking lot if you offer taxi services, permission to start a new construction or renovation, and permission from environmental protection authorities if your company can harm the environment, etc.

Doing business that requires a license or permit
At the company formation and incorporation phase, it must be determined whether a license is required. A license is usually required when providing financial services, such as banking, as the strict regulation of EU law applies. The same applies to other monetary services, which include money transfers, financial institutions, insurance and insurance brokers, trading in bonds and securities, trading in jewelry and gambling. In some jurisdictions, a license for accountants, lawyers, notaries and bailiffs is required. A permit is required for construction work on the site. Another type of sales tax should be applied if some jurisdictions require a seller's license plus registration in the tax register, sales tax payer register or the purchase of a tax-free certificate.

Depending on the type of products, the licenses and permits may be required for different areas, for example, for alcohol trade, you may need a wholesale or retail license, or a license for highly alcoholic beverages and beer. If the company conducts business related to the sale of excise products such as coffee, oil, tobacco, or provides storage services for the above products, these activities require the acquisition of a license.

Pharmaceutical, drug production and activities in connection with addictive and psychotropic substances also require a special license, which usually includes several criteria to be fulfilled, as the activities are directly related to human health care.

License acquisition
Before fully commissioning, the company should determine whether the planned activity requires a permit so that the company can submit an application to the responsible institution if necessary. In order to obtain a license, documents must be drawn up confirming that all criteria have been met. Depending on the type of license, not only conditions may be met for the company, but employees or employees of the company may also have to undergo certain procedures.

After all documents are ready, they must be submitted to the responsible institution. After revising the submitted documents, the institution checks whether the documents comply with the laws and regulations. If so, a license is granted. Purchasing a license often requires payment. The license can be issued for one year, five years or another term as well as for an indefinite period.

Possible penalties for doing business without a license
If the company does business without a license or authorization, the company can be punished by the government officials. First of all, a fine can be imposed on the company as a sanction. Company officials can also be punished. Second, the company's operations can be suspended until the company acquires a license. If the activity is illegal and the company does not meet the requirements for obtaining the license, the company can be permanently suspended or even terminated. If the license or permit has expired, the company may be fined and asked to renew the license as soon as possible.